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The feline acute phase reaction
1Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Sezione di Patologia Generale Veterinaria e Parassitologia, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy. saverio.paltrinieri@unimi.it
Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
|August 10, 2007
Summary
The feline acute phase reaction (APR) involves fever and elevated proteins like serum amyloid A and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Diagnosis requires supporting evidence beyond fever and leucocytosis to confirm inflammation in cats.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The acute phase reaction (APR) is a systemic response to inflammation, mediated by cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).
- This reaction is characterized by fever, leukocytosis, and the production of serum acute phase proteins (APPs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the characteristics of the acute phase reaction in cats.
- To highlight the diagnostic utility of APPs in feline inflammatory conditions, particularly feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes existing knowledge on the feline APR.
- It discusses the clinical signs, hematological changes, and specific APPs involved.
Main Results:
- Fever and leukocytosis are common in feline inflammatory conditions, but leukocytosis can also be induced by excitement.
- Serum amyloid A and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) are major feline APPs that increase during inflammation.
- AGP is particularly relevant for diagnosing FIP and understanding its pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis of feline inflammation requires corroborating findings, such as toxic neutrophils, to differentiate from excitement-induced leukocytosis.
- Serum amyloid A and AGP are valuable biomarkers for monitoring inflammation and diagnosing FIP in cats.
