Genome clashes in hybrids: insights from gene expression

In interspecific hybrids, novel phenotypes often emerge from the interaction of two divergent genomes. Interactions between the two transcriptional networks are assumed to contribute to these unpredicted new phenotypes by inducing novel patterns of gene expression. Here we provide a review of the recent literature on the accumulation of regulatory incompatibilities. We review specific examples of regulatory incompatibilities reported at particular loci as well as genome-scale surveys of gene expression in interspecific hybrids. Finally, we consider and preview novel technologies that could help decipher how divergent transcriptional networks interact in hybrids between species.