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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Published on: May 16, 2019

Do seizures affect the developing brain? Lessons from the laboratory.

Raman Sankar1, Jong M Rho

  • 1David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. RSankar@ucla.edu

Journal of Child Neurology
|August 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Prolonged seizures in developing animals can cause brain injury and cognitive deficits. Early intervention to prevent prolonged seizures is crucial for minimizing adverse effects and improving outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Laboratory models show age- and model-dependent brain injury from prolonged seizures and status epilepticus.
  • Even without overt injury, plasticity leading to epileptogenicity and cognitive deficits occurs in developing brains.
  • Neonatal seizures can induce meaningful plasticity and cognitive impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of seizures on brain development and epileptogenesis.
  • To highlight the limitations of current therapies in altering epileptogenesis.
  • To emphasize the importance of preventing prolonged seizures in early life.

Main Methods:

  • Review of laboratory models of seizures in developing animals.
  • Analysis of plasticity, epileptogenicity, and cognitive effects.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions and their impact on brain development.

Main Results:

  • Prolonged seizures and status epilepticus can lead to brain injury and cognitive deficits in a developing brain.
  • Plasticity associated with seizures can result in epileptogenicity and behavioral changes.
  • Current treatments show limited efficacy in altering epileptogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Preventing epileptogenesis is a critical goal for mitigating comorbidities associated with seizures.
  • Early intervention to prevent prolonged seizures is the most effective strategy currently available.
  • Minimizing short- and long-term adverse effects requires prompt seizure management in pediatric populations.