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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses

Published on: March 29, 2017

Neurogenic inflammation and asthma.

Claire A Butler¹, Liam G Heaney

¹Respiratory Medicine Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, North Ireland, UK.

Inflammation & Allergy Drug Targets

|August 19, 2007

Summary

Neurogenic inflammation in asthma involves neuropeptides, but human evidence is unclear. Current treatments with tachykinin receptor antagonists show no added benefit over standard inhaled corticosteroids for asthma control.

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Neuroscience
Inflammation Research

Background:

Neurogenic inflammation is implicated in asthma, with numerous neuropeptides identified in the lung.
Evidence for neurogenic inflammation in human asthma is less clear than in animal models, with conflicting results from human studies.
Research has focused on pro-inflammatory neuropeptides in asthmatic airways and their functional roles.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of neuropeptides in human asthma.
To evaluate the efficacy of tachykinin receptor antagonists in asthma management.

Main Methods:

Analysis of neuropeptide levels in human airways.
Assessment of functional effects of neuropeptides.
Clinical trials of tachykinin receptor antagonists for asthma control.

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Main Results:

Neuropeptides are present in human airways and may be upregulated in asthma.
Elevated neuropeptides are not specific to asthma and are also observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking.
Tachykinin receptor antagonists did not demonstrate additional benefits beyond inhaled corticosteroids for asthma control.

Conclusions:

The role of neurogenic inflammation in human asthma remains uncertain.
Neuropeptide involvement in asthma is not specific and occurs in other airway inflammatory conditions.
Current evidence does not support the use of tachykinin receptor antagonists as an add-on therapy for asthma.