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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Massive pulmonary embolism during orthopedic surgery.

Chieh-Hung Li1, Fu-Jung Lee, Yi-Ju Shih

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.

Acta Anaesthesiologica Taiwanica : Official Journal of the Taiwan Society of Anesthesiologists
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Transesophageal echocardiography identified massive pulmonary embolism during surgery. Early use of this diagnostic tool is crucial for high-risk patients, potentially improving outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Intraoperative cardiac arrest in a 90-year-old female undergoing orthopedic surgery.
  • General anesthesia and surgical procedures carry inherent risks, including cardiovascular complications.

Observation:

  • Massive pulmonary embolism diagnosed via transesophageal echocardiography during intraoperative resuscitation.
  • A significant 2 x 3 cm thrombus was identified in the pulmonary artery bifurcation.

Findings:

  • Immediate anticoagulant therapy led to gradual clinical improvement.
  • Follow-up transthoracic echocardiography confirmed resolution of thromboemboli within 5 days.
  • The patient later developed liver and acute renal failure due to intraoperative hypoperfusion.

Implications:

  • Transesophageal echocardiography is a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting pulmonary embolism in high-risk surgical patients.
  • Early utilization of transesophageal echocardiography, including pre- and intraoperatively, is recommended.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical, but complications like organ failure can still occur in severe cases.