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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
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Postoperative Ileus Murine Model
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Alvimopan for post-operative ileus: What we should know?

Abhijit Nair1

  • 1Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Road No. 10, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India.

Acta Anaesthesiologica Taiwanica : Official Journal of the Taiwan Society of Anesthesiologists
|November 10, 2016
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Alvimopan, a peripherally acting mu opioid receptor antagonist, can speed up intestinal motility and reduce post-operative ileus. However, its high cost and logistical challenges limit its regular use.

Keywords:
AlvimopanColorectal SurgeryIleus

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Recovery

Background:

  • Alvimopan is a US-FDA approved peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist.
  • It is known to accelerate intestinal motility and decrease the duration of post-operative ileus when administered pre-operatively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the practical and economic barriers to the regular clinical use of alvimopan.

Main Methods:

  • Review of drug procurement, storage, and dispensing logistics.
  • Analysis of the cost-effectiveness of alvimopan for a standard 15-dose course.

Main Results:

  • The logistical complexities of handling alvimopan present significant challenges.
  • The cost associated with the FDA-approved 15-dose regimen is a major impediment to its routine application.

Conclusions:

  • Despite its demonstrated efficacy in enhancing post-operative recovery, the practical and financial burdens associated with alvimopan restrict its widespread adoption.
  • Alternative strategies or cost-reduction measures may be necessary to facilitate broader access to this therapeutic agent.