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Cardiovascular risk factors in Nigerians with systemic hypertension

K M Karaye1, B N Okeahialam, S S Wali

  • 1Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. kkaraye@yahoo.co.uk

Nigerian Journal of Medicine : Journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
|August 19, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension significantly increases cardiovascular risk, with high prevalence of risk factors and target organ damage, particularly in treated patients. Increased Body Mass Index and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy were common findings.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • It often coexists with other risk factors, elevating absolute cardiovascular risk.
  • Understanding these coexisting factors and their impact is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients compared to controls.
  • To evaluate target organ damage in hypertensive individuals.
  • To determine the absolute cardiovascular risk among hypertensive patients.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
  • Three groups (treated hypertensives, untreated hypertensives, controls), each with 70 participants, were matched for age and sex.
  • Simple random sampling was employed for patient selection.

Main Results:

  • Increased Body Mass Index was the most prevalent risk factor, significantly higher in treated hypertensives (70%) than untreated (45.7%) and controls (44.3%).
  • Left Ventricular Hypertrophy was the most common target organ damage (54.3% treated, 42.9% untreated).
  • Very high cardiovascular risk was observed in 75.6% of treated and 68.5% of untreated hypertensives.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertensive patients exhibit a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and target organ damage even before treatment.
  • These conditions are more pronounced in treated hypertensive individuals.
  • The findings highlight the need for comprehensive management strategies for hypertension.
Abstract

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