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Proteases as Th2 adjuvants.

Martin D Chapman1, Sabina Wünschmann, Anna Pomés

  • 1INDOOR Biotechnologies, Inc., 1216 Harris Street, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA. mdc@inbio.com

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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House dust mite proteases, like Der p 1, act as helper T (Th) 2 cell adjuvants, potentially driving asthma by degrading lung tissue and promoting IgE. Other allergens can also trigger Th2 responses without enzyme activity.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • House dust mites (HDM) are a major source of indoor allergens linked to asthma.
  • Several HDM allergens, including Der p 1, Der p 3, Der p 6, and Der p 9, are cysteine and serine proteases.
  • These protease allergens are hypothesized to function as helper T (Th) 2 cell adjuvants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of mite protease allergens as Th2 adjuvants.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which mite allergens contribute to asthma pathogenesis.
  • To compare the adjuvant properties of mite proteases with non-enzymatic allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on mite protease allergens and their effects.
  • Analysis of the known functions of specific mite allergens like Der p 1.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison with structures and functions of other indoor allergens (e.g., Der p 2, Fel d 1, Bla g 2) and cockroach allergens.

    • Main Results:

    • Der p 1 cleaves CD23 on B cells and CD25 on T cells.
    • Der p 1 degrades lung epithelial tight junctions and induces pro-inflammatory cytokine release.
    • These actions promote IgE synthesis and direct lung inflammation, contributing to asthma.
    • Non-enzymatic allergens, like cockroach allergens, can also elicit strong Th2 responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Mite protease allergens act as Th2 adjuvants, contributing to asthma through enzymatic activity and inflammation.
    • The enzymatic activity of mite allergens plays a significant role in promoting allergic sensitization and airway inflammation.
    • Allergens lacking enzymatic activity can also induce potent Th2 responses, suggesting multiple pathways in allergic disease.