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Fluctuations, correlations and transitions in granular materials: statistical mechanics for a non-conventional system
R P Behringer1, Karen E Daniels, Trushant S Majmudar
1Department of Physics and Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0320, USA. bob@phy.duke.edu
Abstract:
In this work, we first review some general properties of dense granular materials. We are particularly concerned with a statistical description of these materials, and it is in this light that we briefly describe results from four representative studies. These are: experiment 1: determining local force statistics, vector forces, force distributions and correlations for static granular systems; experiment 2: characterizing the jamming transition, for a static two-dimensional system; experiment 3: characterizing plastic failure in dense granular materials; and experiment 4: a dynamical transition where the material 'freezes' in the presence of apparent heating for a sheared and shaken system.
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