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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Frequency-modulation encoding in the primary auditory cortex of the awake owl monkey.

Craig A Atencio1, David T Blake, Fabrizio Strata

  • 1Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0732, USA. craig@phy.ucsf.edu

Journal of Neurophysiology
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Neural responses to frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps in owl monkey auditory cortex were studied. Most neurons responded broadly to FM sweeps, with some discrepancies between observed and predicted responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Primate Auditory Cortex

Background:

  • Communication sounds, like New World monkey twitter calls, often feature frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps.
  • Understanding how the auditory cortex processes these prominent vocalization elements is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural representations of logarithmic FM sweeps in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of awake owl monkeys.
  • To characterize neuronal responses to FM sweeps and compare them with spectrotemporal receptive field (STRF) predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Used implanted microelectrode arrays to record neural activity in the primary auditory cortex of awake owl monkeys.
  • Presented logarithmic FM sweep stimuli and random tone-pip stimuli.
  • Constructed STRFs from tone-pip responses to predict FM sweep responses.

Main Results:

  • Few neurons exhibited high direction and speed selectivity for FM sweeps; most responded to both directions and a wide range of speeds.
  • Characteristic frequency estimates from FM responses correlated well with STRF estimates, but bandwidth was underestimated by FM stimuli.
  • STRF predictions of FM direction selectivity and best speed showed significant correlation with observed responses, despite systematic discrepancies.

Conclusions:

  • Neural processing of FM sweeps in the awake owl monkey auditory cortex is broadly tuned.
  • STRFs provide a useful, though not perfect, predictive model for FM sweep responses.
  • FM response patterns in awake owl monkeys are comparable to, but longer in duration than, those in anesthetized squirrel monkeys.