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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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Structural phase and amplitude measurement from distances in convergent-beam electron diffraction patterns.
Philip N H Nakashima1, Alexander F Moodie, Joanne Etheridge
1Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, Australia. philip.nakashima@eng.monash.edu.au
This study presents a direct method for measuring structural phase using convergent-beam electron diffraction. This breakthrough solves the classic phase problem in crystallography and scattering theory.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography
- Materials Science
- Physics
Background:
- Periodic object structures are described by Fourier coefficients and phases.
- Determining structural phase from diffraction patterns is a classic problem in scattering theory.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a solution to the phase problem in crystallography.
- To describe the first direct measurement of structural phase.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing convergent-beam electron diffraction patterns.
- Inspection of diffraction patterns for phase determination.
Main Results:
- The first direct measurement of structural phase was achieved.
- A method for solving the phase problem was demonstrated.
Conclusions:
- Convergent-beam electron diffraction offers a direct route to structural phase determination.
- This technique provides a solution to a long-standing problem in materials analysis.
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