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Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Modeling Tuberculosis in Mycobacterium marinum Infected Adult Zebrafish
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Tuberculosis as a zoonosis from a veterinary perspective.

Yumi Une1, Tooru Mori

  • 1Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8501, Japan. une@azabu-u.ac.jp

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Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, is a significant zoonotic disease. This review highlights its transmission in animals, including susceptible monkeys and pets, and its implications for public health.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Zoonoses

Background:

  • Tuberculosis is a major zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis.
  • These pathogens are highly pathogenic, infect numerous animal species, and pose a risk of human infection.
  • Monkeys are particularly susceptible and act as significant disease spreaders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significance of tuberculosis as a zoonotic disease.
  • To discuss the role of various animal species, including primates and pets, in the transmission of tuberculosis.
  • To highlight recent outbreaks and the potential for human infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of tuberculosis in animals and humans.
  • Analysis of reported outbreaks in monkeys and other zoo animals.
  • Case study of human-to-dog transmission.

Main Results:

  • Recent outbreaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in monkeys led to human infections in Japan.
  • Tuberculosis affects various zoo animals, including elephants.
  • A case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission from human to dog via close contact was documented.
  • Japan has controlled Mycobacterium bovis infection, but it remains a concern globally.

Conclusions:

  • Tuberculosis poses a continuous zoonotic threat, necessitating ongoing surveillance and control measures.
  • The susceptibility of diverse animal species underscores the importance of interspecies disease management.
  • Further attention is required globally to manage bovine tuberculosis and human Mycobacterium bovis infections.