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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes
Published on: June 25, 2017
Insulin signaling and glucose transport in insulin resistant human skeletal muscle
Håkan K R Karlsson1, Juleen R Zierath
1Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract:
Insulin increases glucose uptake and metabolism in skeletal muscle by signal transduction via protein phosphorylation cascades. Insulin action on signal transduction is impaired in skeletal muscle from Type 2 diabetic subjects, underscoring the contribution of molecular defects to the insulin resistant phenotype. This review summarizes recent work to identify downstream intermediates in the insulin signaling pathways governing glucose homeostasis, in an attempt to characterize the molecular mechanism accounting for skeletal muscle insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the effects of pharmaceutical treatment of Type 2 diabetic patients on insulin signaling and glucose uptake are discussed. The identification and characterization of pathways governing insulin action on glucose metabolism will facilitate the development of strategies to improve insulin sensitivity in an effort to prevent and treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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