Multivariate analysis of Almendares River waters

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Water Quality Assessment
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• The Almendares River is Havana's primary surface water source.
• Understanding its water quality is crucial for public health and ecosystem stability.
• Previous assessments may not have fully captured the dynamic environmental factors influencing the river.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the environmental quality of the Almendares River water.
• To identify key factors influencing water quality variations.
• To apply statistical methods for environmental data interpretation.

Main Methods:

• Measured 14 water quality variables (e.g., calcium, cadmium, pH, electric conductivity).
• Utilized Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce variables.
• Employed Discriminant Analysis to corroborate findings.

Main Results:

• Metal content increased near garbage dumps and decreased in the Ejercito Rebelde dam.
• Water quality varied significantly between rainy and dry seasons.
• PCA and Discriminant Analysis successfully differentiated water samples into three groups along the river course.

Conclusions:

• Statistical techniques effectively interpret environmental data for the Almendares River.
• River water quality is influenced by proximity to pollution sources and seasonal changes.
• The study provides a robust framework for ongoing water quality monitoring in Havana.