Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Gas Laws: Boyle's, Gay-Lussac, Charles', Avogadro's, and Ideal Gas Law

Gas Laws: Boyle's, Gay-Lussac, Charles', Avogadro's, and Ideal Gas Law

Through experiments, scientists established the mathematical relationships between pairs of variables, such as pressure and temperature, pressure and volume, volume and temperature, and volume and moles, that hold for an ideal gas.

Ideal Gas Equation

Ideal Gas Equation

The ideal gas equation is an equation of state that relates the state variables pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a hypothetical gas. This equation is a combination of four empirical laws, namely Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law, Avogadro’s Law, and Gay-Lussac’s Law. When the proportionalities of the above four empirical laws are combined, it results in a single proportionality constant known as the universal gas constant.

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...

Calculating the Equilibrium Constant

Calculating the Equilibrium Constant

The equilibrium constant for a reaction is calculated from the equilibrium concentrations (or pressures) of its reactants and products. If these concentrations are known, the calculation simply involves their substitution into the Kc expression.
For example, gaseous nitrogen dioxide forms dinitrogen tetroxide according to this equation:

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...

Expressing Solution Concentration

Expressing Solution Concentration

A solute is a component of a solution that is typically present at a much lower concentration than the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
Concentrations may be quantitatively assessed using a wide variety of measurement units, each convenient for particular applications. Molarity (M) is a useful concentration unit for many applications in chemistry.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Polymerized Surface Passivation for Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Clinical Implications of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 and Tumor Cadherin-13 for Molecular Subtyping and Personalized Therapy in Lung Cancer.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026

Same author

Defect-Driven Origins of Intrinsic and Dopant-Induced Photoluminescence in Zero-Dimensional Cs<sub>2</sub>ZnX<sub>4</sub> (X = Cl, Br).

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same author

Superhydrophobic MXene Spherical Cavity Arrays as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensors for Label-Free Gas Detection and Photothermal Desorption.

Analytical chemistry·2025

Same author

Investigation into the Regulation of Ag NPs/ZnO NRs/GaN Heterostructure SERS Substrate via Pyroelectric Effects.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2025

Same author

Flexible Thermoelectric Ag Film/PEDOT:PSS/AgNPs Composites: Toward Universal and Ultrasensitive Sensing.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy

Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy

Published on: April 27, 2016

Using an internal standard method to determine Henry's law constants.

Chang Ji¹, Emily M Evans

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University-San Marcos, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA. cj22@txstate.edu

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

|August 24, 2007

Summary

A new internal standard method simplifies measuring Henry's law constants (H) using gas chromatography. This technique is ideal for water-soluble compounds and those with low vapor pressure, offering accurate thermodynamic data.

More Related Videos

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Published on: March 21, 2016

Calibration Procedures for Orthogonal Superposition Rheology

Calibration Procedures for Orthogonal Superposition Rheology

Published on: November 18, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy

Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy

Published on: April 27, 2016

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Published on: March 21, 2016

Calibration Procedures for Orthogonal Superposition Rheology

Calibration Procedures for Orthogonal Superposition Rheology

Published on: November 18, 2020

Area of Science:

Environmental Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Accurate measurement of Henry's law constants (H) is crucial for understanding chemical partitioning in environmental systems.
Existing methods for determining H can be complex and may require precise knowledge of analyte concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a simplified internal standard method for measuring thermodynamic Henry's law constants (H).
To assess the method's applicability to various chemical classes, including aldehydes, ketones, and nitriles.

Main Methods:

An internal standard method was developed utilizing gas chromatography (GC) for analysis.
A mixture of analytes and an internal standard was prepared in organic solvent and dilute aqueous solutions.
GC analysis of standard solutions and headspace samples allowed for H calculation based on known internal standard H and peak-area ratios.

Main Results:

The method accurately determines Henry's law constants (H) with only approximate concentration and volume data required.
The approach is particularly effective for compounds with high water solubility or low vapor pressures.
Experimentally determined H values and their temperature dependencies were reported for several low-molecular-weight compounds.

Conclusions:

The developed internal standard method provides a practical and efficient way to measure Henry's law constants (H).
This method simplifies the determination of thermodynamic properties for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds.
The technique is best suited for compounds with dimensionless Henry's law constants around 10(-3) or lower.