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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

Benchtop phase-contrast X-ray imaging.

O Gundogdu1, E Nirgianaki, E Che Ismail

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK. o.gundogdu@surrey.ac.uk

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|August 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

X-ray phase-contrast imaging offers superior soft tissue contrast compared to traditional absorption-based methods. This technique utilizes X-ray phase shifts for enhanced imaging, particularly beneficial for materials science and biological samples.

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Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT
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Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

Published on: January 27, 2011

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT
05:50

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

Published on: January 27, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Medical imaging
  • Materials science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Traditional radiography relies on X-ray absorption, yielding poor contrast for soft tissues.
  • Many materials and biological samples show weak absorption but significant X-ray phase shifts.
  • Phase information offers a promising avenue for advanced imaging applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the efficacy of propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging.
  • To showcase imaging results using a simplified, benchtop implementation.
  • To highlight the advantages over conventional absorption-based radiography.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging method.
  • Employed a microfocal X-ray tube and electronic detection.
  • Tested with two different benchtop X-ray sources and the free space propagation technique.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significantly higher contrast in various samples compared to absorption methods.
  • Successfully imaged biological tissues with negligible absorption contrast.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of the simplified propagation-based approach.

Conclusions:

  • Propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging enhances contrast for samples with low absorption.
  • This method provides a practical alternative to complex phase-contrast techniques.
  • It holds potential for improved imaging in medicine, biology, and materials science.