Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
Published on: September 20, 2017
Solubilization of indomethacin using hydrotropes for aqueous injection
1Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India. akhileshpratik@hotmail.com
Abstract:
Indomethacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities. It is practically insoluble in water. The effect of various hydrotropes such as urea, nicotinamide, resorcinol, sodium benzoate and sodium p-hydroxy benzoate on the solubility of indomethacin was investigated. The solubility enhancement of indomethacin by the hydrotropes was observed in decreasing order as sodium p-hydroxy benzoate>sodium benzoate>nicotinamide>resorcinol>urea. In order to elucidate the probable mechanism of solubilization, various solution properties of hydrotropes such as viscosity, specific gravity, surface tension, refractive index and specific conductance of hydrotropic solutions were studied at 25+/-2 degrees C. Each solubilized product was characterized by ultraviolet, infrared, powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The hydrotropic solubilization of indomethacin at lower hydrotrope concentration may be attributed to weak ionic interactions while that at higher hydrotrope concentration may be due to molecular aggregation. Aqueous injectable formulations using sodium p-hydroxy benzoate, sodium benzoate and nicotinamide as hydrotropes were developed and studied for physical and chemical stability.
More Related Videos
10:12Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
Published on: January 7, 2019
10:10Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
Published on: August 15, 2016
Related Concept Videos
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area
Solubility
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...