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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Deep Sea Microbial Ecology01:18

Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...
Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of their outer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy
07:44

Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy

Published on: April 27, 2016

Peritubular dentin lacks piezoelectricity.

S Habelitz1, B J Rodriguez, S J Marshall

  • 1Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, USA. stefan.habelitz@ucsf.edu

Journal of Dental Research
|August 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Piezoresponse force microscopy revealed that human dentin

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Dentin, a mineralized connective tissue, is primarily composed of a collagenous matrix.
  • Collagen fibrils exhibit piezoelectricity, a property that can be exploited for high-resolution imaging.
  • Understanding dentin's structural composition is crucial for regenerative dentistry and biomaterial development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the piezoelectric properties of human dentin using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM).
  • To test the hypothesis that zones of piezoactivity can distinguish collagenous regions within dentin.
  • To elucidate the role of collagen fibrils in dentin's piezoelectric response.

Main Methods:

  • Application of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) for high-resolution imaging of human dentin.

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  • Chemical treatment of dentin samples to isolate and analyze collagen fibrils.
  • Analysis of piezoelectric signal variations based on fibril orientation.

    • Main Results:

    • Piezoelectricity was detected in the intertubular dentin matrix by PFM.
    • Peritubular dentin showed no piezoelectric response.
    • High-resolution imaging confirmed that individual collagen fibrils contribute to the piezoelectric effect, with signal strength varying by orientation.

    Conclusions:

    • The study supports the hypothesis that peritubular dentin lacks a collagenous matrix.
    • PFM effectively distinguishes collagen-rich areas in dentin based on piezoelectric activity.
    • Peritubular dentin represents a unique non-collagenous component among mesenchymal-derived mineralized tissues.