Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
Published on: May 26, 2020
Sports medicine: performance-enhancing drugs
Andrew J M Gregory1, Robert W Fitch
1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MCE-South Tower, Suite 3200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. andrew.gregory@vanderbilt.edu
Abstract:
Performance-enhancing drugs, ergogenic aids, or sports supplements have been a part of sports since sporting competition began and likely always will be. Considered cheating by purists and necessary by some athletes, we must accept the fact that they are used, understand why they are used, and study how to prevent their use to institute change. This article summarizes current information regarding the use of performance-enhancing drugs in young athletes and provides proven prevention strategies for instituting a program in your local schools.
Related Concept Videos
Exercise and Muscle Performance
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
Social Facilitation
Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...
Prodrugs
Prodrugs help overcome...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

