Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Recent advances in insulin treatment of children

Andrea K Steck1, Georgeanna J Klingensmith, Rosanna Fiallo-Scharer

  • 1Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA.

Pediatric Diabetes
|October 25, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Intensive insulin therapy is recommended for children with diabetes, but challenges exist. New technologies like continuous glucose monitoring may improve glycemic control and reduce hypoglycemia risks.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Intensive insulin therapy recommended for children since 1993 (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial).
  • Implementation challenges include developmental, physiological, cultural, and practical pediatric-specific issues.
  • Pediatric glycemic control is complicated by variable eating habits, activity levels, and hypoglycemia risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review available insulin regimens for pediatric diabetes management.
  • Focus on physiologic basal-bolus insulin therapy approaches.
  • Discuss the role of emerging technologies in optimizing glycemic control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current short-, intermediate-acting, and newer insulin analogs.
  • Analysis of multiple daily injection (MDI) regimens and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).
  • Exploration of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring (CGM) and closed-loop systems.

Main Results:

  • Increasing use of MDI and CSII for improved metabolic control in children.
  • Insulin analogs offer more physiologic basal-bolus treatment options.
  • New technologies show promise for better glycemic targets with fewer side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing pediatric diabetes care requires addressing implementation challenges.
  • Advanced insulin therapies and technologies are crucial for improved outcomes.
  • Continuous glucose monitoring offers potential for enhanced insulin use and management.

More Related Videos

Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters08:09

Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters

Published on: May 18, 2014

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...