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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
07:33

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: January 25, 2012

Mediterranean outflow mixing and dynamics.

J F Price, M O Baringer, R G Lueck

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 26, 1993
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The Mediterranean Sea outflow becomes turbulent and mixes with North Atlantic water, eventually forming a significant water mass in the thermocline. This oceanographic process shapes deep-sea currents and water mass formation in the region.

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    Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

    Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    07:33

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    Published on: January 25, 2012

    Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique
    10:12

    Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique

    Published on: June 12, 2015

    Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
    07:28

    Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

    Published on: September 5, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Oceanography
    • Fluid Dynamics
    • Geophysics

    Background:

    • The Mediterranean Sea generates a dense, salty outflow.
    • This outflow is a key component of Atlantic Ocean circulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the modification and behavior of Mediterranean outflow.
    • To understand its transformation as it enters the Atlantic.

    Main Methods:

    • Observational analysis of current dynamics.
    • Study of entrainment and mixing processes.
    • Assessment of geostrophic balance and buoyancy.

    Main Results:

    • The outflow accelerates, becoming highly turbulent and mixing with North Atlantic Central water.
    • Volume transport doubles, and density anomaly halves due to entrainment.
    • The Coriolis force redirects the current, leading to geostrophic balance.

    Conclusions:

    • The mixed Mediterranean outflow descends the continental slope.
    • It eventually reaches neutral buoyancy within the thermocline.
    • This transformed water mass plays a crucial role in oceanographic processes.