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Enchenopa binotata Complex: Sympatric Speciation?

T K Wood, S I Guttman

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 15, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Enchenopa binotata treehoppers show reduced egg-laying and hatching on new host plants. Nymph survival is low on adopted hosts, supporting host-plant shifts in speciation.

    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Entomology

    Background:

    • Enchenopa binotata is a species complex of treehoppers.
    • These treehoppers have diverged based on their host plant associations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of host plant shifts in the speciation of Enchenopa binotata.
    • To assess the reproductive success and nymphal survival of treehoppers on native versus "adopted" host plants.

    Main Methods:

    • Females were experimentally induced to oviposit on non-native ("adopted") host plants.
    • Egg deposition, hatching rates, and nymphal survival were monitored and compared to native host plants.
    • Phenological synchrony between the treehopper and host plant was assessed.

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    Main Results:

    • Significantly fewer eggs were deposited on "adopted" host plants.
    • Hatching success was reduced on "adopted" hosts, with hatching timing dependent on the adopted host's phenology.
    • Nymphal mortality was substantially higher on "adopted" hosts compared to native hosts.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings support a model of sympatric speciation driven by host plant shifts in Enchenopa binotata.
    • Host plant specialization and associated ecological factors play a crucial role in the divergence of these treehopper species.