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Atmosphere-surface exchange measurements.

W F Dabberdt, D H Lenschow, T W Horst

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 4, 1993
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Accurate measurement of trace species and energy exchange at the Earth's surface is crucial for understanding climate and ecological impacts. This review covers methods and challenges in obtaining reliable surface flux data.

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric science
    • Environmental science
    • Geophysics

    Background:

    • Surface-atmosphere exchange of trace species and energy significantly influences climate, ecology, and human well-being.
    • Understanding these exchanges is vital for assessing environmental change and improving atmospheric process models.
    • Obtaining accurate surface exchange measurements presents considerable challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the physics and turbulent structure of the atmospheric boundary layer relevant to dry surface exchange.
    • To describe various techniques for measuring or estimating surface fluxes.
    • To highlight challenges impacting the representativeness of flux data.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of atmospheric boundary layer physics and turbulence.

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  • Description of micrometeorological, budget, and enclosure techniques for flux measurement.
  • Analysis of measurement issues including site characteristics, sampling, sensors, and flow distortion.

    • Main Results:

    • The atmospheric boundary layer's physics and turbulence govern dry surface exchange rates (fluxes).
    • Different measurement techniques (micrometeorological, budget, enclosure) have distinct advantages and limitations.
    • Several factors, including site specifics and sensor attributes, can compromise data representativeness.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate surface flux data are essential but difficult to obtain.
    • A thorough understanding of measurement techniques and potential issues is necessary for reliable flux estimation.
    • Addressing measurement challenges is key to improving our understanding of Earth surface processes and their impacts.