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Related Concept Videos

Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
In...
Downstream Processing01:29

Downstream Processing

Downstream processing begins once fermentation is complete and involves a series of steps to recover and purify products such as acids, vitamins, antibiotics, or proteins.Cell HarvestingFor example, for intracellular protein-based products, the first step is harvesting the cells. This is typically achieved using centrifugation or filtration to separate the cells from the liquid phase.Cell Disruption for Intracellular ProductsIf the target product is intracellular, the harvested cells must be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Sizing of Gold Nanoparticles in Suspension
09:33

Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Sizing of Gold Nanoparticles in Suspension

Published on: September 11, 2020

Sedimentation field flow fractionation: applications.

J J Kirkland, W W Yau

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |October 8, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Sedimentation field flow fractionation (SFFF) offers high-resolution separation for biological macromolecules and particles. This advanced technique achieves superior resolution in less time compared to traditional centrifugation methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Biophysics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Sedimentation field flow fractionation (SFFF) is an emerging separation technique.
    • Conventional centrifugation methods have limitations in resolution and time efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the capabilities of SFFF for separating biological macromolecules, colloids, and particulates.
    • To compare the performance of SFFF with conventional centrifugation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing advanced instrumentation for SFFF operation.
    • Achieving high rotor speeds up to 32,000 rpm (approx. 85,000 g).

    Main Results:

    • SFFF enables high-resolution separation of diverse materials, including those with molecular weights as low as 5 x 10^5.
    • The method demonstrates superior resolution compared to centrifugation.
    • SFFF achieves these separations in significantly shorter timeframes.

    Conclusions:

    • SFFF is a powerful and efficient method for separating a wide range of biological and particulate materials.
    • The technique offers advantages in resolution and speed over conventional methods.
    • Advances in instrumentation enhance the applicability of SFFF for complex samples.