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Optical matter: crystallization and binding in intense optical fields.

M M Burns, J M Fournier, J A Golovchenko

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |August 17, 1990
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Scientists can create ordered structures called optical matter using electromagnetic fields and microscopic dielectric objects. These structures form through direct matter transport or induced interactions, requiring both light and polarizable matter.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics, Optics, Materials Science

    Background:

    • Electromagnetic fields can interact with matter.
    • Microscopic dielectric objects possess polarizable properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the creation of ordered structures using electromagnetic fields and dielectric objects.
    • To define and characterize these light-matter structures as 'optical matter.'

    Main Methods:

    • Applying precisely controlled electromagnetic fields (standing waves) to microscopic dielectric objects.
    • Observing structures formed by direct dielectric matter transport in optical fields.
    • Analyzing structures formed by light-induced interactions between dielectric objects.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the formation of extended crystalline and noncrystalline structures.

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  • Identified two distinct mechanisms for structure organization: direct transport and induced interactions.
  • Confirmed that the existence of these ordered structures, termed optical matter, depends on the presence of both light and polarizable matter.

    • Conclusions:

    • Optical matter represents a new class of ordered structures formed by the interplay of light and matter.
    • The controlled manipulation of electromagnetic fields offers a pathway to engineer novel materials with tailored properties.