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Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme
Variance01:15

Variance

The deviations show how spread out the data are about the mean. A positive deviation occurs when the data value exceeds the mean, whereas a negative deviation occurs when the data value is less than the mean. If the deviations are added, the sum is always zero. So one cannot simply add the deviations to get the data spread. By squaring the deviations, the numbers are made positive; thus, their sum will also be positive.The standard deviation measures the spread in the same units as the data.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
12:02

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008

Erratum

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 12, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    This article corrects factual errors in a previous report on mathematicians and major discoveries. It clarifies Michael Freedman's affiliation and corrects several misspelled names of prominent mathematicians.

    Area of Science:

    • Mathematics
    • Scientific Communication

    Background:

    • A previous article inaccurately reported the affiliation of Fields Medal winner Michael Freedman.
    • Several prominent mathematicians' names were misspelled in the original publication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide accurate information regarding Michael Freedman's academic position.
    • To correct spelling errors for key figures in mathematics mentioned in a research news piece.

    Main Methods:

    • Verification of academic affiliations through official university records.
    • Cross-referencing of names with established mathematical and scientific databases.

    Main Results:

    • Michael Freedman is the Charles Lee Powell Professor of Mathematics at the University of California, San Diego, not the University of Southern California.

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    Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
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  • Corrected spellings include: Fields (formerly Field's), Nevanlinna (formerly Nevalinna/Navanlinna), Kirby (formerly Kirky), Atiyah (formerly Aryiyah), and Strassen (formerly Strasen).

    • Conclusions:

    • Accurate representation of scientific achievements and personnel is crucial in research reporting.
    • Correcting factual and typographical errors upholds the integrity of scientific communication.