Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Toward a cognitive neuroscience of technology.

Cognitive neuroscience·2026

Same author

Enhancing verb naming with anodal tDCS over the left inferior frontal gyrus: Insights from lesion mapping and structural connectivity estimation.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026

Same author

Correction: Left area PF as a neural marker of technical reasoning.

Brain structure & function·2026

Same author

International consensus for the assessment of social cognition in neurocognitive disorders: framework definition and clinical recommendations of the SIGNATURE initiative.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2025

Same author

Left area PF as a neural marker of technical reasoning.

Brain structure & function·2025

Same author

An integrated account for technological cognition.

Cognitive neuroscience·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

An In Vitro Preparation for Eliciting and Recording Feeding Motor Programs with Physiological Movements in Aplysia californica

An In Vitro Preparation for Eliciting and Recording Feeding Motor Programs with Physiological Movements in Aplysia californica

Published on: December 5, 2012

Repeating through the insula: evidence from two consecutive strokes.

Antonio Carota¹, Jean-Marie Annoni, Paola Marangolo

¹Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.

|September 1, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a rare case of mixed transcortical aphasia, where a second stroke altered language abilities. Findings suggest the insula is crucial for phonological processing and language modularity.

More Related Videos

Study Design for Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Speech Cortical Mapping

Study Design for Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Speech Cortical Mapping

Published on: March 24, 2023

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 14, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

An In Vitro Preparation for Eliciting and Recording Feeding Motor Programs with Physiological Movements in Aplysia californica

An In Vitro Preparation for Eliciting and Recording Feeding Motor Programs with Physiological Movements in Aplysia californica

Published on: December 5, 2012

Study Design for Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Speech Cortical Mapping

Study Design for Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Speech Cortical Mapping

Published on: March 24, 2023

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurolinguistics
Cognitive Science

Background:

Mixed transcortical aphasia (MTA) is a rare language disorder characterized by preserved repetition despite deficits in other modalities.
Some MTA cases exhibit intact reading, adding complexity to understanding language network organization.

Observation:

A left-handed man with MTA post-stroke initially showed preserved repetition and reading.
A subsequent stroke affecting the left anterior insula and white matter impaired repetition but improved reading.

Findings:

The patient's fluctuating language abilities, particularly in repetition and reading, were meticulously documented before and after the second stroke.
This case provides evidence for distinct neural substrates supporting different language functions, supporting a modular language system.

Implications:

The findings highlight the critical role of the insula and adjacent white matter in phonological processing and language recovery.
This research contributes to understanding the brain's modular organization for language and informs potential therapeutic strategies for aphasia.