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Related Concept Videos

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
The Periodic Table03:25

The Periodic Table

As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). All of these elements are shiny, conduct heat and electricity well, and have similar chemical properties. A second grouping includes calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), which also are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have chemical properties in common. However,...
Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
Chemical Symbols01:09

Chemical Symbols

A chemical symbol is an abbreviation that is used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. We use the same symbol to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language. Most symbols have one or two letters, but three-letter symbols have been used...
Atomic Number and Mass Number01:12

Atomic Number and Mass Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is its atomic number (Z). This is the defining trait of an element. Its value determines the identity of the atom. For example, any atom that contains six protons is the element carbon and has the atomic number 6, regardless of how many neutrons or electrons it may have. A neutral atom must contain the same number of positive and negative charges, so the number of protons equals the number of electrons. This means that the atomic number also...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
08:15

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY: Element 107 Leaves the Table Unturned.

R F Service

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 5, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chemists analyzed bohrium (element 107), finding its chemical properties align with theoretical predictions. This discovery confirms current models but delays the search for unexpected behaviors in superheavy elements.

    Area of Science:

    • Nuclear Chemistry
    • Atomic Physics
    • Superheavy Elements

    Background:

    • Superheavy elements (SHEs) are synthesized elements with atomic numbers greater than 104.
    • Investigating SHEs provides insights into nuclear structure and the limits of the periodic table.
    • Bohrium (Bh, element 107) is a transuranic element whose chemical properties have remained largely uncharacterized due to experimental challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To conduct the first successful chemical analysis of bohrium (element 107).
    • To experimentally determine the chemical properties of bohrium.
    • To compare experimental findings with theoretical predictions for bohrium.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized advanced atom-at-a-time chemistry techniques.
    • Employed gas-phase chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography.

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    Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures
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    Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
    08:15

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    Published on: February 11, 2012

    Generation of Zerovalent Metal Core Nanoparticles Using n-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminosilanetriol
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  • Analyzed decay chains and characteristic X-rays to identify bohrium atoms and their chemical interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • The chemical properties of bohrium were successfully analyzed for the first time.
    • Experimental results for bohrium's chemical behavior closely matched theoretical predictions.
    • No significant deviations from established nuclear and chemical theories were observed for element 107.

    Conclusions:

    • The chemical properties of bohrium are consistent with theoretical models.
    • The findings support the current understanding of atomic structure and chemical periodicity in the region of superheavy elements.
    • Further research on heavier elements may be necessary to uncover deviations from theoretical predictions.