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Related Concept Videos

Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

Fluid Mosaic Model

The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.LipidsThe most...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
What are Membranes?01:54

What are Membranes?

A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes
09:09

Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

Published on: December 15, 2015

A new charge-mosaic membrane from a multiblock copolymer.

T Fujimoto, K Ohkoshi, Y Miyaki

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 6, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel charge-mosaic membrane selectively separates sodium chloride from organic compounds. This membrane exhibits pH-dependent permeability for amino acids, showcasing its potential in advanced separation technologies.

    Area of Science:

    • Polymer Science
    • Materials Science
    • Separation Science

    Background:

    • Pentablock copolymers offer unique self-assembly properties for creating nanostructured materials.
    • Developing selective membranes is crucial for efficient separation of salts and organic molecules.
    • Charge-mosaic membranes combine properties of both cation and anion exchange materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To prepare a charge-mosaic membrane from a pentablock copolymer.
    • To investigate the membrane's permeability for sodium chloride in the presence of organic species.
    • To evaluate the influence of pH on amino acid permeability.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis of a pentablock copolymer with a BABCB architecture.
    • Selective introduction of anion and cation exchange groups into microseparated phases.

    More Related Videos

    Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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    Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

    Published on: February 23, 2017

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    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes
    09:09

    Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

    Published on: December 15, 2015

    Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
    08:06

    Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

    Published on: February 23, 2017

  • Characterization of the membrane's three-layer lamellar structure.
  • Permeability studies using mixed aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, organic species, and amino acids.

    • Main Results:

    • The modification process preserved the initial three-layer lamellar structure of the pentablock copolymer film.
    • The resulting charge-mosaic membrane demonstrated high permeability exclusively for sodium chloride when mixed with low molecular weight organic compounds like sucrose.
    • Significant pH-dependent permeability was observed for amino acids, indicating tunable transport properties.

    Conclusions:

    • Pentablock copolymers can be effectively functionalized to create sophisticated charge-mosaic membranes.
    • The developed membrane exhibits excellent selectivity for sodium chloride separation from organic solutes.
    • The pH-dependent transport of amino acids highlights the potential for controlled separation and purification applications.