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Sampling in research on interpersonal aggression.

Morten Birkeland Nielsen1, Ståle Einarsen

  • 1Bergen Bullying Research Group, Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. morten.nielsen@psysp.uib.no

Aggressive Behavior
|September 6, 2007
PubMed
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Convenience samples in aggression research, like workplace bullying, show limited generalizability due to demographic and exposure differences. Researchers should use them cautiously, focusing on phenomenology rather than broad population applicability.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Organizational Behavior
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • Convenience samples are frequently used in psychological research.
  • Their external validity, especially in studies of interpersonal aggression, remains a concern.
  • Workplace bullying research often relies on specific, non-representative participant groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of convenience samples in adult interpersonal aggression research.
  • To compare demographic characteristics and aggression exposure between convenience and representative samples.
  • To assess the external validity of findings derived from convenience samples.

Main Methods:

  • A convenience sample of support-seeking workplace bullying targets was recruited.

Related Experiment Videos

  • This sample was compared to a representative sample of Norwegian bullying targets.
  • Demographic variables and reported aggression intensity/frequency were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant differences were found between the convenience and representative samples across most demographic variables.
    • The convenience sample reported substantially higher frequency and intensity of aggression exposure.
    • A higher proportion of the convenience sample had reported misconduct (whistleblowing).

    Conclusions:

    • Convenience samples exhibit low external validity for generalizing findings to the broader population.
    • Their use is best suited for exploring aggression tendencies and phenomenology, not generalizable conclusions.
    • Researchers must carefully consider sample representativeness when studying interpersonal aggression.