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Updated: Jul 12, 2026
Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
Published on: August 29, 2025
The nurse teacher in clinical practice: developing the new sub-dimension to the Clinical Learning Environment and
Mikko Saarikoski1, Hannu Isoaho, Tony Warne
1Turku University of Applied Sciences, 20701 Turku, Finland. mikko.saarikoski@turkuamk.fi
Background:
Building on previous work undertaken in developing the clinical learning environment and supervision (CLES) scale this report outlines the development of a new sub-dimension to the CLES scale.
Objectives:
The aim was to develop an additional sub-scale to the CLES scale for measuring the quality of nurse teacher's co-operation with the crucial actors in the clinical practice of student nurses.
Design, Setting And Methods:
The original CLES scale and the subsequent CLES+T scale have been validated in two different empirical studies (N=416 and 549). Construct validity of the instrument was assessed with explorative factor analysis (EFA) and principal components analysis (PCA).
Results:
The structure of the CLES+T scales factor model followed theoretical presumptions and the factors' eigenvalues and explanation percentages (64%) were sufficient.
Conclusions:
A validated evaluation tool-the CLES+T scale-can be used as a part of the total quality assessment of nurse education perceived by student nurses in Finland.
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