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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Colorimetric Analysis of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in S. aureus Biofilm

Colorimetric Analysis of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in S. aureus Biofilm

Published on: April 12, 2019

Alkaline phosphatase: beyond the liver.

Nicole J Fernandez¹, Beverly A Kidney

¹Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. fernandn@ucalgary.ca

Veterinary Clinical Pathology

|September 7, 2007

Summary

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a useful indicator of liver disease, but its levels can also rise due to non-liver related factors. This review covers various physiologic and pathologic conditions that affect ALP activity beyond the liver.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Enzymology
Mammalian Physiology

Background:

Alkaline phosphatases (ALP) are enzymes found in mammalian cells, often membrane-associated.
Their precise physiological role remains unclear.
Elevated serum ALP is a key indicator of cholestatic liver disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To review physiologic and pathologic factors influencing serum and body fluid alkaline phosphatase activity.
To emphasize non-hepatic causes of increased alkaline phosphatase.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on alkaline phosphatase.
Analysis of factors affecting enzyme activity in various mammalian conditions.

Main Results:

Non-hepatic increases in ALP occur in young animals, pregnant/lactating females, and with high-fat diets.
Bone disease, endocrine disorders, neoplasia, and certain drugs (glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants) also elevate ALP.
ALP activity is influenced by a range of physiological and pathological states.

Conclusions:

Serum alkaline phosphatase activity is affected by numerous non-hepatic factors.
Understanding these factors is crucial for accurate diagnosis and interpretation of ALP levels.
This review highlights the broad clinical relevance of alkaline phosphatase beyond liver function tests.