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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
07:58

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Published on: August 7, 2017

Explosive deep water basalt in the sumisu backarc rift.

J Gill, P Torssander, H Lapierre

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 8, 1990
    PubMed
    Summary

    Submarine volcanic eruptions of tholeiitic basalt create unique scoriaceous breccia deposits. High magmatic water content drives explosive submarine volcanic activity, forming pyroclastic deposits.

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    Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
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    Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling

    Published on: August 5, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Geology
    • Volcanology
    • Marine Geology

    Background:

    • Submarine volcanic eruptions can produce deposits resembling subaerial ones.
    • Backarc rifts are sites of significant volcanic activity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize a unique submarine pyroclastic deposit.
    • To investigate the eruptive processes of deep submarine tholeiitic basalt.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of a 135-meter-thick pyroclastic deposit.
    • Paleomagnetic analysis of the deposit.

    Main Results:

    • The deposit, formed from 1-million-year-old tholeiitic basalt at >1800m depth, is a scoriaceous breccia.
    • Evidence suggests frothy agglutinate welded in a submarine eruption column or on the seafloor.
    • Paleomagnetic inclinations are random at scales <2.5 meters.
    • Magmatic water content (1.3% by weight) significantly contributed to explosivity.

    Conclusions:

    • Deep submarine eruptions can generate explosive activity and agglutinate deposits similar to subaerial eruptions.
    • High magmatic water content is a key factor in driving explosive submarine volcanism.