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Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: initial results.

C A Barth, C W Hord, A I Stewart

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 21, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Ultraviolet airglow on Mars shows variations in carbon monoxide bands linked to solar activity. Atomic oxygen and hydrogen emissions were consistently observed, while Martian dust significantly influences atmospheric reflectance.

    Area of Science:

    • Planetary Science
    • Atmospheric Physics
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Understanding Mars' atmospheric composition and dynamics is crucial for planetary exploration.
    • Previous missions provided limited data on ultraviolet airglow and atmospheric scattering.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure the ultraviolet airglow spectrum of Mars.
    • To investigate variations in atmospheric emissions and reflectance.
    • To model the role of dust in Mars' atmosphere.

    Main Methods:

    • Orbital spacecraft measurements over a 30-day period in 1971.
    • Analysis of emission rates for carbon monoxide (CO) Cameron and fourth positive bands.
    • Measurement of atomic oxygen (1304 Å) and atomic hydrogen (1216 Å) airglow lines as a function of altitude.

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  • Spectrophotometric measurements of lower atmosphere reflectance.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed significant variations in the scale height of CO Cameron band airglow correlating with solar activity.
    • Atomic oxygen and hydrogen airglow lines were consistently detected throughout the observation period.
    • Martian atmospheric reflectance was approximately 50% of 1969 measurements, indicating particle scattering.
    • Reflectance variations modeled by dust with ultraviolet absorption and optical depth > 1.
    • The atmosphere above Mars' polar regions was found to be clearer than other areas.

    Conclusions:

    • Solar activity influences the scale height of carbon monoxide airglow on Mars.
    • Atomic oxygen and hydrogen are persistent components of the Martian upper atmosphere.
    • Martian dust is a significant factor in atmospheric scattering, particularly in the ultraviolet spectrum.
    • Atmospheric clarity varies regionally, with polar regions being less obscured by dust.