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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities
Published on: February 20, 2021
A free program for calculating EUD-based NTCP and TCP in external beam radiotherapy.
Hiram A Gay1, Andrzej Niemierko
1Department of Radiation Oncology, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, USA. gay@ecu.edu
Summary
This study introduces a research tool for calculating Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) and Tumor Control Probability (TCP) using Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD) models. It simplifies complex calculations for treatment planning.
Area of Science:
- Medical Physics
- Radiation Oncology
- Computational Biology
Background:
- Accurate prediction of Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) and Tumor Control Probability (TCP) is crucial in radiation oncology.
- Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD)-based models offer a simplified approach to assess treatment plan outcomes.
- Niemierko's models provide a framework for these EUD-based calculations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a user-friendly research tool for calculating NTCP and TCP.
- To illustrate the practical implementation of EUD-based NTCP and TCP models.
- To facilitate research in radiation treatment plan optimization.
Main Methods:
- A high-level computing language was employed to implement Niemierko's EUD-based NTCP and TCP mathematical models.
- Treatment planning software requirements were defined to ensure compatibility and usability.
- The developed computer code is presented with clear explanations.
Main Results:
- The study presents functional computer code for calculating NTCP and TCP.
- Six illustrative examples are provided to aid in code implementation and troubleshooting.
- A table of model parameters, referencing Emami data, is included for practical application.
Conclusions:
- The developed tool simplifies the calculation of NTCP and TCP, aiding researchers.
- Implementation of EUD-based models is demonstrated, enhancing understanding and application.
- This research tool supports the optimization of radiation treatment plans.
