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Overview of Hematopoiesis

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...

Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

Lineage Commitment

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the process whereby stem cells:

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Production of Formed Elements

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Simultaneous Assessment of Kinship, Division Number, and Phenotype via Flow Cytometry for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Simultaneous Assessment of Kinship, Division Number, and Phenotype via Flow Cytometry for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Published on: March 24, 2023

The sequential determination model of hematopoiesis.

Geoffrey Brown¹, Philip J Hughes, Robert H Michell

¹Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. g.brown@bham.ac.uk

Trends in Immunology

|September 11, 2007

Summary

The sequential determination (SD) model explains hematopoietic development as a series of stepwise choices, challenging random lineage diversification. This model integrates new findings on cell division and signaling for a comprehensive view of blood cell formation.

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Area of Science:

Hematopoiesis
Developmental Biology
Cell Lineage Diversification

Background:

Hematopoietic development is crucial for understanding lineage diversification.
Previous models proposed random commitment or early myeloid/lymphoid bifurcation.
Joint lymphoid/myeloid progenitors challenge these existing models.

Purpose of the Study:

To present and support the sequential determination (SD) model of hematopoiesis.
To challenge existing models of random hematopoietic commitment.
To integrate recent findings into a cohesive model of blood cell development.

Main Methods:

Analysis of hematopoietic progenitor lineage potentials.
Review and integration of existing literature on hematopoietic development.
Incorporation of spatiotemporal transcription factor dynamics, asymmetric cell division, and Notch signaling.

Main Results:

The sequential determination (SD) model proposes a stepwise, limited set of binary choices for hematopoietic differentiation.
Hematopoietic progenitors exhibit preferences for specific lineage associations, supporting developmental neighborhood concepts.
An updated SD model incorporating recent cellular processes provides a robust framework for hematopoiesis.

Conclusions:

The sequential determination (SD) model offers a more accurate representation of hematopoietic lineage diversification than random models.
Hematopoietic commitment is a regulated, stepwise process, not a random event.
The updated SD model effectively synthesizes established and novel findings in hematopoiesis.