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Frontolimbic structural changes in borderline personality disorder.

Michael J Minzenberg1, Jin Fan, Antonia S New

  • 1Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Bronx VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. michael.minzenberg@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu

Journal of Psychiatric Research
|September 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is linked to structural brain changes. Patients with BPD showed increased gray matter in the amygdala and decreased gray matter in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with frontolimbic dysfunction.
  • Functional imaging studies show exaggerated amygdala responses and impaired anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) function in BPD.
  • These functional alterations align with animal models of stress and depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if BPD patients exhibit structural brain changes in the amygdala and ACC.
  • To test the hypothesis that structural changes parallel observed functional alterations in BPD.

Main Methods:

  • Used high-resolution T1-weighted structural MRI scans.
  • Analyzed relative gray matter concentration (GMC) using voxel-based morphometry.
  • Compared GMC between 12 unmedicated BPD patients and 12 normal controls (NC) in the amygdala and rostral/subgenual ACC.

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Main Results:

  • BPD patients had significantly higher GMC in the amygdala compared to NC.
  • BPD patients showed significantly lower GMC in the left rostral/subgenual ACC compared to NC.

Conclusions:

  • This study reveals gross structural gray matter changes in the amygdala and ACC in BPD patients.
  • These structural alterations correlate with the functional changes observed in BPD.
  • The findings are consistent with animal models of anxiety and depression, suggesting altered neuronal morphology or number.