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Related Concept Videos

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use01:23

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

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A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique
09:47

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Published on: April 26, 2015

Fatal outcome from inappropriate defibrillation.

Hany Dimitri1, Bobby John, Glenn D Young

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.

Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology
|September 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A patient with ventricular tachycardia experienced inappropriate defibrillation due to R-wave changes and atrial over-sensing after implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertion, leading to fatal ventricular fibrillation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are crucial for managing life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
  • Morbid obesity presents unique challenges in device implantation and patient monitoring.
  • Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia post-myocardial infarction requires effective arrhythmia management.

Observation:

  • A 51-year-old morbidly obese male received a single-chamber ICD for ventricular tachycardia.
  • Initial device function was satisfactory for several months.
  • A significant change in R-wave morphology and atrial over-sensing was noted.

Findings:

  • The observed R-wave changes and atrial over-sensing led to inappropriate ICD shocks.
  • These inappropriate shocks triggered ventricular fibrillation in the patient.
  • The patient ultimately died from the induced ventricular fibrillation.

Implications:

  • This case highlights potential R-wave sensing issues in ICD patients, particularly those with obesity.
  • Atrial over-sensing can precipitate dangerous ventricular arrhythmias and device malfunction.
  • Careful device programming and monitoring are essential to prevent adverse events in ICD recipients.