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Sensory-based learning disability: Insights from brainstem processing of speech sounds.

Karen Banai1, Daniel Abrams, Nina Kraus

  • 1Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. k-banai@northwestern.edu

International Journal of Audiology
|September 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABR) identify a subgroup of individuals with learning disabilities (LDs) who have abnormal auditory processing. These findings suggest speech-ABR can detect auditory dysfunction in children with LDs.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABR) are a validated biomarker for identifying learning disabilities (LDs).
  • Previous research has characterized speech-ABR in typically developing children and those with LDs.
  • The relationship between speech-ABR, click-evoked ABR, and cortical auditory processing requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and critically examine existing data on speech-ABR properties in children with and without LDs.
  • To investigate the association between speech-ABR and click-ABR.
  • To explore the link between speech-ABR and cortical auditory processing.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and critical analysis of published studies on speech-ABR.
  • Comparison of speech-ABR findings in typically developing children versus children with LDs.
  • Examination of correlations between speech-ABR, click-ABR, and cortical auditory measures.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal speech-ABRs are present in up to 40% of individuals with LDs.
  • Individuals with abnormal speech-ABRs often exhibit concurrent abnormalities in cortical processing.
  • The specific learning challenges in this subgroup are not clearly defined.

Conclusions:

  • Speech-ABR can identify a significant sub-population of LDs characterized by abnormal auditory physiological function.
  • These findings highlight the potential of speech-ABR as a diagnostic tool for auditory processing deficits in LDs.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the causal links between abnormal speech-ABR, speech perception, and cognitive/literacy deficits in LDs.