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Record low global ozone in 1992.

J F Gleason, P K Bhartia, J R Herman

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 23, 1993
    PubMed
    Summary
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    In 1992, global total ozone levels dropped significantly, reaching record lows not predicted by standard models. This ozone depletion was observed across various latitudes, confirmed by multiple satellite and ground-based instruments.

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Environmental Monitoring
    • Ozone Layer Research

    Background:

    • The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on the Nimbus-7 satellite has monitored global ozone levels since 1979.
    • Understanding ozone layer dynamics is crucial for assessing atmospheric health and ultraviolet radiation exposure.
    • Previous years (1979-1991) established a baseline for normal total ozone variations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report and analyze the global average total ozone levels for the year 1992.
    • To compare 1992 ozone data against historical records and statistical predictions.
    • To validate findings using data from multiple independent ozone monitoring systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on the Nimbus-7 satellite for 1992 measurements.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparing 1992 TOMS data with the historical TOMS record (1979-1991).
  • Cross-validating TOMS findings with measurements from SBUV/2 (NOAA-11), Russian Meteor-3 TOMS, World Standard Dobson Instrument 83, and 22 ground-based Dobson instruments.

    • Main Results:

    • Global average total ozone in 1992 was 2-3% lower than any previous year observed by TOMS.
    • Significant ozone decreases were noted across both Northern and Southern hemispheres, particularly between 10-20°S and 10-60°N.
    • 1992 ozone levels were at least 1.5% below predictions from a statistical model accounting for linear trends, solar cycles, and quasi-biennial oscillation.

    Conclusions:

    • 1992 represented a record low for global total ozone, exceeding expected variations.
    • The widespread nature of the ozone decrease highlights a significant atmospheric event.
    • Corroboration across multiple instruments strengthens the validity of the observed 1992 ozone depletion.