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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

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Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance
08:12

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Atomic arrangements at metal surfaces.

J R Noonan, H L Davis

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |October 17, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Solid surfaces change due to truncation, altering atomic positions. Surface crystallography reveals these atomic displacements, impacting materials science and alloy behavior.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Surface Science
    • Solid-State Physics

    Background:

    • Truncation of a solid disrupts the bulk atomic arrangement at the surface.
    • Surface crystallography studies reveal atomic displacements due to the solid-vacuum interface.
    • These surface alterations are a fundamental aspect of solid materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate atomic displacements at solid surfaces induced by truncation.
    • To illustrate current understanding of surface atomic rearrangements using Al(110) as a model.
    • To explore the impact of truncation forces on binary metal alloy surfaces.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing surface crystallography techniques.
    • Employing experimental investigations.

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  • Conducting theoretical analyses.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed significant alterations in the positions of outermost atoms on solid surfaces.
    • Demonstrated that surface atomic displacements can range from minor shifts to crystallographic group rearrangements.
    • Presented findings for the aluminum (110) surface, detailing specific atomic displacements.
    • Discussed the influence of truncation forces on the surfaces of binary metal alloys.

    Conclusions:

    • Solid truncation fundamentally alters surface atomic structures.
    • Surface atomic displacements are a critical factor in understanding material properties.
    • Further research on alloy surfaces is warranted to understand truncation effects.