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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Fermi Level01:18

Fermi Level

The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
04:51

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

Superconductivity--the state that came in from the cold.

T H Geballe, J K Hulm

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 22, 1988
    PubMed
    Summary

    High transition temperature superconductors, specifically copper-oxide materials, are under intense global research. Despite challenges in understanding their complex crystal chemistry, the potential for advanced electronic and electrical power technologies remains significant.

    Area of Science:

    • Solid State Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Condensed Matter Physics

    Background:

    • Recent discovery of copper-oxide-based superconductors by Bednorz and Müller.
    • Intense international research efforts spurred by initial findings.
    • Challenges in understanding the underlying physics due to complex material properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To survey the current state of high transition temperature superconductor research.
    • To assess the potential of these materials for electronic and electrical power applications.
    • To highlight the difficulties in comprehending the phenomena.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of recent advancements in superconductor research.
    • Analysis of crystal chemistry challenges in copper-oxide materials.

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    Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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    Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
    10:36

    Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

    Published on: January 21, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

    Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
    04:51

    Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

    Published on: July 8, 2021

    Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
    05:39

    Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

    Published on: August 2, 2019

    Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
    10:36

    Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

    Published on: January 21, 2016

  • Evaluation of reported superconducting behaviors above 100 Kelvin.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant international progress in exploring high transition temperature superconductors.
    • Difficulties in understanding the physics due to complex crystal chemistry.
    • Unconfirmed reports of superconductivity above 100 Kelvin, with some suggestive evidence.

    Conclusions:

    • The field of high transition temperature superconductors is rapidly evolving.
    • Understanding the fundamental physics remains a key challenge.
    • Potential applications in electronic and electrical power technologies warrant continued investigation.