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Alpha Particles in Solar Cosmic Rays over the Last 80,000 Years.

L J Lanzerotti, R C Reedy, J R Arnold

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 23, 1973

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Solar cosmic ray alpha particle fluxes were used to calculate production rates of cobalt-57, cobalt-58, and nickel-59 in lunar samples. These findings suggest long-term and present-day solar alpha particle fluxes are similar.

Area of Science:

Cosmic Ray Physics
Lunar Science
Nuclear Astrophysics

Background:

Solar cosmic rays (SCRs) are energetic particles originating from the Sun.
Understanding SCR flux is crucial for interpreting the composition of extraterrestrial materials.
Previous studies have analyzed SCR interactions with lunar samples.

Purpose of the Study:

To calculate the production rates of specific isotopes (cobalt-57, cobalt-58, nickel-59) in lunar surface samples.
To compare calculated production rates with measured activities of nickel-59.
To assess the consistency between present-day and long-term solar alpha particle fluxes.

Main Methods:

Utilized satellite measurements of alpha particle fluxes from solar cosmic rays (1967-1969).

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Calculated production rates of cobalt-57, cobalt-58, and nickel-59 in lunar surface materials.

Compared calculated production rates with experimentally determined activities of nickel-59 in lunar samples.

Main Results:

Production rates for cobalt-57, cobalt-58, and nickel-59 were determined based on contemporary SCR fluxes.
Measured activities of nickel-59 in lunar samples were found to be consistent with calculated rates.
The long-term and present-day solar alpha particle fluxes were found to be comparable within a factor of approximately 4.

Conclusions:

Present-day solar cosmic ray alpha particle fluxes are a reliable indicator of long-term average fluxes.
The production of cosmogenic isotopes like nickel-59 in lunar samples can be accurately modeled using satellite-derived flux data.
This study provides evidence for the stability of solar alpha particle emission over relevant timescales for lunar sample analysis.