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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood01:25

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Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
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Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood01:28

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Erik Erikson, a stage theorist, adapted Freud's theory to emphasize social factors in personality development throughout life, a concept known as psychosocial development. Unlike Freud, who focused on early childhood, Erikson believed that personality evolves across eight life stages, each marked by a specific challenge or "crisis." Successful resolution of each stage fosters competence, while failure may lead to feelings of inadequacy.
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What is Cancer?02:12

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Author Spotlight: Investigating Immune Cell Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment — Challenges and Innovations in Cancer Prognosis
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[Good prognosis childhood cancers].

Catherine Patte1, Christelle Dufour

  • 1Département de p'ediatrie, Institut Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif Cedex. patte@igr.fr

La Revue Du Praticien
|September 12, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric cancers like Wilms' tumours and neuroblastomas have over 80% cure rates with risk-adapted treatments. Identifying low-risk patients reduces toxic therapies and long-term side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Cancer Treatment Strategies
  • Risk Stratification

Context:

  • Wilms' tumours, neuroblastomas, malignant germ cell tumours, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas are common pediatric cancers.
  • Current treatment protocols aim for high cure rates but can lead to long-term sequelae.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the high cure rates achievable in specific pediatric cancers.
  • To emphasize the importance of risk factor adaptation in treatment strategies.
  • To underscore the benefits of identifying low-risk patient groups.

Summary:

  • Cure rates exceeding 80% are achievable for Wilms' tumours, neuroblastomas, malignant germ cell tumours, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
  • Treatment strategies tailored to individual tumor risk factors are crucial for optimizing outcomes.

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  • Knowledge of low-risk patient groups enables dose reduction of alkylating agents and anthracyclines, and limits irradiation, thereby minimizing long-term adverse effects.
  • Impact:

    • Reduced cumulative doses of chemotherapy (alkylating agents, anthracyclines) in low-risk pediatric cancer patients.
    • Limited use of radiotherapy in pediatric oncology, decreasing the incidence of long-term sequelae.
    • Improved quality of life for childhood cancer survivors through minimized treatment toxicity.