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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

Streaming potential effects on solute dispersion in nanochannels.

Xiangchun Xuan

    Analytical Chemistry
    |September 13, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Streaming potential significantly reduces solute dispersion in nanochannels due to electroosmotic backflow. This effect, influenced by solute charge, alters the dispersion coefficient in pressure-driven flow.

    Area of Science:

    • Fluid dynamics
    • Electrokinetics
    • Nanoscale transport

    Background:

    • Investigating solute dispersion in pressure-driven flow within nanochannels.
    • Analyzing the impact of streaming potential on fluid dynamics and solute transport.
    • Understanding electroosmotic effects in confined geometries.

    Discussion:

    • Theoretical analysis of streaming potential's influence on hydrodynamic dispersion.
    • Electroosmotic backflow significantly decreases solute dispersion in slit nanochannels.
    • The dispersion coefficient is sensitive to streaming potential effects and solute charge.

    Key Insights:

    • Streaming potential can markedly increase or decrease the dispersion coefficient.
    • The electrokinetic "figure of merit" is a key determinant of these influences.

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    Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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  • Solute charge plays a critical role in modulating dispersion.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research into electrokinetic phenomena in nanofluidics.
    • Potential applications in microfluidic devices and separation technologies.
    • Exploring the role of surface charge and zeta potential in solute dispersion.