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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
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Novel delivery systems for interferons.

Mehrdad Hamidi1, Abdolhossein Zarrin, Mahshid Foroozesh

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. hamidim@sums.ac.ir

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|September 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Interferon (IFN) therapies face challenges with short lifespan and side effects. Novel delivery systems, like nanoparticles and PEGylation, aim to improve therapeutic outcomes by enhancing IFN circulation and reducing toxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biopharmaceuticals and Drug Delivery
  • Immunology and Therapeutics
  • Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability

Background:

  • Interferons (IFNs) are crucial biopharmaceuticals with significant therapeutic applications.
  • Current IFN use is limited by short circulation times and off-target tissue effects.
  • Improving IFN delivery is essential for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current delivery systems and techniques for interferons (IFNs).
  • To focus on the pharmacokinetic implications of various IFN delivery strategies.
  • To assess the potential and limitations of novel IFN delivery approaches for clinical application.

Main Methods:

  • Review of particulate delivery systems (micro/nanoparticles, liposomes, minipellets, cellular carriers).
  • Review of non-particulate delivery systems (PEGylated IFNs, chemically, immunologically, and genetically conjugated IFNs).
  • Analysis of pharmacokinetic consequences associated with each delivery method.

Main Results:

  • Various delivery systems, including particulate and non-particulate approaches, are under investigation for IFNs.
  • Each strategy presents unique advantages and disadvantages impacting clinical utility.
  • Pharmacokinetic profiles are significantly altered by different delivery systems, influencing therapeutic effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Novel delivery systems offer promising solutions to overcome IFN limitations.
  • Careful consideration of each method's pharmacokinetic profile is vital for successful clinical translation.
  • Further research into optimized IFN delivery is critical for maximizing therapeutic benefits.