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Polyprotic Acids

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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...

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Study of ascorbic acid interaction with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and triethanolamine, separately and in

Claudia Garnero¹, Marcela Longhi

¹Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

|September 14, 2007

Summary

This study investigated the complexation of ascorbic acid with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and triethanolamine (TEA). TEA significantly enhanced ascorbic acid stability, while HP-beta-CD showed weaker interactions.

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Activation and Conjugation of Soluble Polysaccharides using 1-Cyano-4-Dimethylaminopyridine Tetrafluoroborate (CDAP)

Published on: June 14, 2021

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a vital nutrient prone to degradation.
Complexation strategies are explored to enhance its stability and bioavailability.
Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and triethanolamine (TEA) are investigated as complexing agents.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the complexation of ascorbic acid with HP-beta-CD and TEA.
To evaluate the impact of complexation on ascorbic acid's stability in solution and solid states.
To elucidate the interaction mechanisms using spectroscopic and thermal methods.

Main Methods:

Solid complex preparation via freeze-drying and physical blending.
Characterization using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR).
Solution studies employing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H and (13)C).

Main Results:

NMR confirmed partial inclusion of ascorbic acid into HP-beta-CD, but with weak host-guest interactions (low stability constant).
Complexation with TEA significantly enhanced the aqueous stability of ascorbic acid.
The HP-beta-CD inclusion complex offered less stability enhancement compared to the TEA association complex.

Conclusions:

Triethanolamine (TEA) is a more effective agent than HP-beta-CD for stabilizing ascorbic acid in aqueous solutions.
The study provides insights into complexation mechanisms and stability enhancement strategies for ascorbic acid.
Evidence of aggregate formation was observed through NMR experiments.