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Anxiety as a developmental disorder.

E David Leonardo1, Rene Hen

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|September 14, 2007
PubMed
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Many psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders, originate during neurodevelopment. A critical developmental period exists where adverse events can impact anxiety circuit development, influenced by gene-environment interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Increasing recognition of neurodevelopmental origins for psychiatric disorders.
  • Anxiety disorders are increasingly understood to have roots in early neural development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and integrate data on critical periods in anxiety circuit development.
  • To postulate the heightened susceptibility during these periods to adverse events.
  • To discuss gene-environment interactions in psychiatric illness, emphasizing temporal aspects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human studies.
  • Integration of data from animal models.
  • Postulation of critical periods based on existing literature.

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Main Results:

  • Identification of a critical developmental period for neural circuits mediating anxiety.
  • This period is characterized by high plasticity and susceptibility to adverse events.
  • Gene-environment interactions are crucial, with timing being a key factor.

Conclusions:

  • Anxiety disorders have neurodevelopmental origins.
  • Critical developmental periods are vulnerable to adverse events, influencing anxiety.
  • The temporal interplay of genes and environment is vital in psychiatric illness.