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Thyroid disorders in Khulna district: a community based study.

A K Paul1, S Rahman Miah, A A Mamun

  • 1Centre for Nuclear Medicine & Ultrasound, Khulna.

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin
|September 18, 2007
PubMed
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Thyroid diseases affect over 20% of the population in Khulna, with autoimmune thyroid disease being a significant factor. This study highlights the prevalence of thyroid disorders and their link to autoimmunity in a non-endemic goitre region.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Goitre is not endemic in the Khulna district, making the prevalence of thyroid diseases and their autoimmune links an area of interest.
  • Understanding thyroid disease prevalence is crucial for public health initiatives, especially in regions with varying iodine intake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of thyroid diseases in a Khulna district population.
  • To investigate the relationship between thyroid diseases and autoimmunity (thyroid microsomal antibody - TMAb).
  • To assess the etiological factors contributing to thyroid disorders in the region.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 925 individuals from Khulna district.
  • Data collection included medical history, neck examination for goitre, and radioimmunoassay for thyroid hormones and TMAb.

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  • Statistical analysis was performed to determine disease prevalence and associations.

    • Main Results:

    • Overall thyroid disease prevalence was 20.43%, with diffuse goitre (7.35%) and sub-clinical hypothyroidism (6.59%) being most common.
    • Autoimmune thyroid disease was identified in 15.09% of subjects tested for TMAb.
    • Thyroid disorders were more prevalent in females (2.5:1 ratio) and the 11-45 age group.
    • Goitre prevalence was 10.49%, suggesting mild iodine deficiency.
    • Chronic autoimmune disease emerged as a likely etiological factor for thyroid disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid disorders are prevalent in the Khulna district, with a significant autoimmune component.
    • Non-goitrous thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune thyroid disease are common, indicating multifactorial causes.
    • The findings suggest that chronic autoimmune disease plays a role in thyroid disorders in this region, alongside potential mild iodine deficiency.