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Related Concept Videos

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice
07:31

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Developmental trajectory classes in substance use disorder etiology.

Levent Kirisci1, Ralph Tarter, Ada Mezzich

  • 1University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. levent@pitt.edu

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors
|September 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Early neurobehavioral disinhibition and adolescent antisociality predict substance use disorder (SUD) by young adulthood. Risk factors like low socioeconomic status and parental SUD contribute to these trajectories.

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Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice
07:31

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Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Addiction Science
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

  • Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a complex condition with developmental origins.
  • Identifying early risk factors is crucial for prevention and intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct developmental trajectories leading to SUD in males.
  • To examine the influence of early individual and contextual factors on these trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of males from early adolescence (10-12 years) to young adulthood (22 years).
  • Measured baseline neurobehavioral disinhibition, parental SUD, socioeconomic status, and peer affiliation.
  • Assessed approval of socially nonnormative behavior at multiple adolescent time points.

Main Results:

  • Three trajectory classes leading to SUD were identified.
  • Two high-risk trajectories showed high SUD rates (72.7% and 85%), characterized by increasing approval of antisociality and social maladjustment.
  • Early neurobehavioral disinhibition and contextual factors (low SES, parental SUD, deviant peers) predicted increased approval of antisociality.

Conclusions:

  • Individual traits and environmental factors interact to promote antisocial behavior during adolescence.
  • This adolescent antisociality is a significant pathway to developing SUD in young adulthood.